Durable Integrated K-Metal Anode with Enhanced Mass Transport through Potassiphilic Porous Interconnected Mediator

K-metal batteries have become one of the promising candidates for the large-scale energy storage owing to the virtually inexhaustible and widely potassium resources. The uneven K⁺ deposition and dendrite growth on the anode causes the batteries prematurely failure to limit the further application. An integrated K-metal anode is constructed by cold-rolling K metal with a potassiphilic porous interconnected mediator. Based on the experimental results and theoretical calculations, it demonstrates that the potassiphilic porous interconnected mediator boosts the mass transportation of K-metal anode by the K affinity enhancement, which decreases the concentration polarization and makes a dendrite-free K-metal anode interface. The interconnected porous structure mitigates the internal stress generated during repetitive deposition/stripping, enabling minimized the generation of electrode collapse. As a result, a durable K-metal anode with excellent cycling ability of exceed 1, 000 h at 1 mA cm⁻²/1 mAh cm⁻² and lower polarization voltage in carbonate electrolyte is obtained. This proposed integrated anode with fast K⁺ kinetics fabricated by a repeated cold rolling and folding process provides a new avenue for constructing a high-performance dendrites-free anode for K-metal batteries.     

The Electrochemical Response of Single Crystalline Copper Nanowires to Atmospheric Air and Aqueous Solution

In this paper, single crystalline copper nanowires (CuNWs) have been electrochemically grown through anodic aluminum oxide template. The environmental stability of the as‐obtained CuNWs in both 40% relative humidity (RH) atmosphere and 0.1 m NaOH aqueous solution has been subsequently studied. In 40% RH atmosphere, a uniform compact Cu₂O layer is formed as a function of exposure time following the logarithmic law and epitaxially covers the CuNW surfaces. It is also found that the oxide layers on CuNWs are sequentially grown when subjected to the cyclic voltammetry measurement in 0.1 m NaOH solution. An epitaxially homogeneous Cu₂O layer is initially formed over the surface of the CuNW substrates by solid‐state reaction (SSR). Subsequently, the conversion of Cu₂O into epitaxial CuO based on the SSR takes place with the increase of applied potential. This CuO layer is partially dissolved in the solution forming Cu(OH)₂, which then redeposited on the CuNW surfaces (i.e., dissolution‐redeposition (DR) process) giving rise to a mixed polycrystalline CuO/Cu(OH)₂ layer. The further increase of applied potential allows the complete oxidation of Cu₂O into CuO to form a dual‐layer structure (i.e., CuO inner layer and Cu(OH)₂ outer layer) with random orientations through an enhanced DR process.     

GaP/GaNP Heterojunctions for Efficient Solar‐Driven Water Oxidation

The growth and characterization of an n‐GaP/i‐GaNP/p⁺‐GaP thin film heterojunction synthesized using a gas‐source molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) method, and its application for efficient solar‐driven water oxidation is reported. The TiO₂/Ni passivated n‐GaP/i‐GaNP/p⁺‐GaP thin film heterojunction provides much higher photoanodic performance in 1 m KOH solution than the TiO₂/Ni‐coated n‐GaP substrate, leading to much lower onset potential and much higher photocurrent. There is a significant photoanodic potential shift of 764 mV at a photocurrent of 0.34 mA cm^?2, leading to an onset potential of ≈0.4 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) at 0.34 mA cm^?2 for the heterojunction. The photocurrent at the water oxidation potential (1.23 V vs RHE) is 1.46 and 7.26 mA cm^?2 for the coated n‐GaP and n‐GaP/i‐GaNP/p⁺‐GaP photoanodes, respectively. The passivated heterojunction offers a maximum applied bias photon‐to‐current efficiency (ABPE) of 1.9% while the ABPE of the coated n‐GaP sample is almost zero. Furthermore, the coated n‐GaP/i‐GaNP/p⁺‐GaP heterojunction photoanode provides a broad absorption spectrum up to ≈620 nm with incident photon‐to‐current efficiencies (IPCEs) of over 40% from ≈400 to ≈560 nm. The high low‐bias performance and broad absorption of the wide‐bandgap GaP/GaNP heterojunctions render them as a promising photoanode material for tandem photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells to carry out overall solar water splitting.     

β-C位引入供电子羟基增强季铵化聚砜膜的热碱稳定性

以氯甲基化的聚砜(CMPSf)为基材,与N-甲基二乙醇胺和N,N-二甲基乙醇胺反应,分别制备了β-C具有供电子羟基的N-甲基二乙醇胺季铵化聚砜膜(PSf-MDOH)和N,N-二甲基乙醇胺季铵化聚砜膜(PSf-DMOH)。在60℃、1 mol/L的KOH溶液中浸泡6 h后,β-C具有供电子羟基的PSf-DMOH膜和PSf-MDOH膜的离子传导率略有下降,但仍保持了良好的膜尺寸稳定性,而β-C无羟基的三乙胺季铵化聚砜膜发生破碎,完全丧失膜形态,表明供电子羟基的引入显著提高了膜的热碱稳定性。同时,2种膜的性能比较发现,低离子交换容量(IEC)时,PSf-MDOH膜的离子传导率高于PSfDMOH膜,但随着IEC的升高,PSf-MDOH膜吸水率急剧增加,膜内有效离子浓度下降,离子传导率低于PSf-DMOH膜。     

硅烷偶联剂表面改性玄武岩纤维增强复合材料研究进展

表面改性是增强玄武岩纤维与基体材料之间结合性能的关键。综述了硅烷偶联剂表面改性以及酸、碱刻蚀,等离子处理辅助协同硅烷偶联剂表面改性玄武岩纤维的研究进展,介绍了硅烷偶联剂表面改性玄武岩纤维在聚合物基复合材料中的应用,并对发展趋势进行了展望,同时分析了硅烷偶联剂表面改性玄武岩纤维当前存在的问题。     

碱性蓄电池隔膜用非织造布探析

介绍了碱性蓄电池隔膜用非织造布在电池生产中的作用和要求,对碱性蓄电池隔膜用非织造布的纤维原料、生产方法进行了比较分析。     

Discharge properties and chemical stability of SrZrO films

Abstract— MgO thin film is currently used as a surface protective layer for dielectric materials because MgO has a high resistance during ion sputtering and exhibits effective secondary electron emission. The secondary‐electron‐emission coefficient γ of MgO is high for Ne ions; however, it is low for Xe ions. The Xe content of the discharge gas of PDPs needs to be raised in order to increase the luminous efficiency. Thus, the development of high‐γ materials replacing MgO is required. The discharge properties and chemical surface stability of SrO containing Zr (SrZrO) as the candidate high‐γ protective layer for noble PDPs have been characterized. SrZrO films have superior chemical stability, especially the resistance to carbonation because of the existence of a few adsorption sites due to their amorphous structure. The firing voltage is 60 V lower than that of MgO films for a discharge gas of Ne/Xe = 85/15 at 60 kPa.     

新型气硬动物胶型芯粘结剂的改性工艺优化

针对动物胶常温凝聚、热硬消耗能源且效率低的问题,以动物骨胶为主要原料,经过碱解、改性处理后得到了一种新型型芯粘结剂,并采用吹CO₂气体方式硬化.选择并优化了动物胶碱解工艺,引入活性基团对动物胶进行接枝共聚以及酯化改性,进一步提高了粘结强度,同时对新型动物胶粘结剂的吹气硬化和改性机理进行了理论分析.结果表明：改性动物胶铸造粘结剂最佳配比为m（丙三醇）∶m（糊精）∶m（乙醇）∶m（动物胶）=9∶10∶9∶100,改性温度为75℃,改性时间为90 min.吹CO ₂气体硬化的新型改性动物胶粘结剂,初强度大于0.8MPa,终强度达到6.0MPa,能够满足快速制芯生产要求.     

典型生物质热解过程中碱（土）金属转化特性

通过进行鄱阳湖典型水生植物管式炉热解试验,联用便携红外分析仪、煤气分析仪和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪,分析了恒温热解焦中碱（土）金属的含量及其在热解过程中转化规律.结果表明：凤眼莲对生活污水中的碱（土）金属有一定的吸附作用;水生植物的恒温热解过程主要为一次反应,CO、CO2和CH4的体积分数达到最大的时间在60s左右,而H2在100 s左右.水生植物热解过程中,Na的析出率最高,其次是K,然后是Ca和Mg;凤眼莲中K主要以无机盐形式存在,在热解反应后期以无机盐分解挥发析出,析出率最高达75％左右.     

低温海洋微生物产碱性蛋白酶菌株的筛选

从连云港黄海海域的鱼类、贝类和海水等样品中分离到近150株产碱性蛋白酶的低温菌。并通过正交试验确定菌株的最佳培养基为干酪素平板培养基,水解酪蛋白试验可对菌株的产酶情况进行定性研究,酶活较高的菌株都能产生较大的水解圈。干酪素分离培养基配合水解酪蛋白试验,可以提高产碱性蛋白酶菌株筛选效率。对其中3株产酶活性较高的菌株(ASG,YSG,ZG)进行了耐盐性试验和培养温度试验,菌株ASG,YSG的最适生长温度、时间以及培养基的最适ω(NaCl)分别为:15℃,36 h,5％;20℃,30 h,3％。